SystemC-A modeling of an automotive seating vibration isolation system

A modeling methodology for mixed physical domains system in a new modelling Language is presented. The system is automotive seating vibration isolation system with electronic control. It is described and simulated in SystemCA, an extended version of SystemC which provides analogue, mixed-signal and mixed-domain modeling capabilities. Results show that SystemC-A provides efficient means to model and investigate performance of complex mixed-domain systems for automotive applications

A Comprehensive Survey on Routing and Security in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

With the continuous advances in mobile wirelesssensor networks (MWSNs), the research community hasresponded to the challenges and constraints in the design of thesenetworks by proposing efficient routing protocols that focus onparticular performance metrics such as residual energy utilization,mobility, topology, scalability, localization, data collection routing,Quality of Service (QoS), etc. In addition, the introduction ofmobility in WSN has brought new challenges for the routing,stability, security, and reliability of WSNs. Therefore, in thisarticle, we present a comprehensive and meticulous investigationin the routing protocols and security challenges in the theory ofMWSNs which was developed in recent years

Biomimetic Based EEG Learning for Robotics Complex Grasping and Dexterous Manipulation

There have been tremendous efforts to understand the biological nature of human grasping, in such a way that it can be learned and copied to prosthesis–robotics and dextrous grasping applications. Several biomimetic methods and techniques have been adopted, hence applied to analytically comprehend ways human performs grasping to duplicate human knowledge. A major topic for further study, is related to decoding the resulting EEG brainwaves during motorizing of fingers and moving parts. To accomplish this, there are a number of phases that are performed, including recording, pre-processing, filtration, and understanding of the waves. However, there are two important phases that have received substantial research attentions. The classification and decoding, of such massive and complex brain waves, as they are two important steps towards understanding patterns during grasping. In this respect, the fundamental objective of this research is to demonstrate how to employ advanced pattern recognition methods, like fuzzy c-mean clustering for understanding resulting EEG brain waves, in such a way to control a prosthesis or robotic hand, while relying sets of detected EEG brainwaves. There are a number of decoding and classification methods and techniques, however we shall look into fuzzy based clustering blended with principle component analysis (PAC) technique to help for the decoding mechanism. EEG brainwaves during a grasping and manipulation have been used for this analysis. This involves, movement of almost five fingers during a grasping defined task. The study has found that, it is not a straight forward task to decode all human fingers motions, as due to the complexity of grasping tasks. However, the adopted analysis was able to classify and identify the different narrowly performed and related fundamental events during a simple grasping task

Configurable Secured Adaptive Routing Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper aims at designing, building, and simulating a secured routing protocol to defend against packet dropping attacks in mobile WSNs (MWSNs). This research addresses the gap in the literature by proposing Configurable Secured Adaptive Routing Protocol (CSARP). CSARP has four levels of protection to allow suitability for different types of network applications. The protocol allows the network admin to configure the required protection level and the ratio of cluster heads to all nodes. The protocol has an adaptive feature, which allows for better protection and preventing the spread of the threats in the network. The conducted CSARP simulations with different conditions showed the ability of CSARP to identify all malicious nodes and remove them from the network. CSARP provided more than 99.97% packets delivery rate with 0% data packet loss in the existence of 3 malicious nodes in comparison with 3.17% data packet loss without using CSARP. When compared with LEACH, CSARP showed an improvement in extending the lifetime of the network by up to 39.5%. The proposed protocol has proven to be better than the available security solutions in terms of configurability, adaptability, optimization for MWSNs, energy consumption optimization, and the suitability for different MWSNs applications and conditions

An extension to SystemC to allow modelling of analogue and mixed signal systems at different abstraction levels

SystemC is Hardware Description Language HDL for digital systems. An extension is proposed in this paper to extended the capabilities of SystemC to allow modelling of analogue and mixed-signal systems. The proposed extension provides a variety of abstraction levels, from system level to circuit level. In order to comply with the SystemC simulation cycle semantics, the analogue kernel is linked to the SystemC environment via calls from the existing digital kernel. The synchronisation of the analogue and SystemC digital kernels is done via a lock-step method. Operation of the extended, mixed-signal SystemC simulation platform is demonstrated using a practical example of a phase locked loop frequency multiplier with noise and jitter. We hope that results from this research might aid the recent efforts to standardize analogue extensions to SystemC

SEAMS - A systemC environment with analog and mixed-signal extensions

We describe an efficient implementation of analog and mixed-signal extensions integrated with SystemC 2.0. SEAMS (SystemC Environment with Analog and Mixed-Signal extensions) uses a general-purpose analog solver to handle analog extensions and to provide modelling capabilities for general, mixed-mode systems with digital and non-linear analog behavior. We have extended the SystemC 2.0 kernel to invoke and synchronize our analog solver in each simulation cycle while maintaining compliance with the SystemC simulation cycle semantics. The operation of SEAMS is illustrated with the practical examples of a boost power converter and a 2GHz phase-lock loop frequency multiplier with noise and jitter models. Mixed-signal systems of this kind are known to be difficult to simulate as they exhibit disparate time scales which put most simulators in numerical difficulties. We hope that the practical experience of SEAMS might aid the recent efforts to standardize analog and mixed-signal extensions for SystemC

An Analogue and Mixed-Signal Extension to SystemC

This paper presents a new methodology that enables extensions of SystemC to the analogue domain and allows modelling of mixed-signal and mixed energy-domain systems at arbitrary levels of abstraction. The new language constructs support analogue system variables, analogue components and user defined ordinary differential and algebraic equations. Support for digital-analogue interfaces has been provided for smooth integration of digital and analogue parts. Associated issues such as dealing with extremely small and zero time-step sizes have been addressed. A novel implementation of the lock-step mixed-signal synchronisation method to integrate the analogue kernel with the digital one has been proposed. Operation of the extended, mixed-signal simulation platform, named SystemC-A, is demonstrated using a suite of numerically difficult AMS examples including a practical, mixed-signal example of a PLL frequency multiplier with large-signal noise and jitter

SystemC-A : analogue and mixed-signal language for high level system design

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

SystemC-A : analogue and mixed-signal language for high level system design

In the light of the growing popularity of mixed, analogue and digital ASICs and System on Chip, several high level hardware description languages (HDLs), such as VHDL and Verilog, have recently been extended to provide analogue and mixed-signal (AMS) modelling capabilities. SystemC is a new language added recently to the existing HDLs used by the digital electronic design community. This research has developed a new methodology that enables the extension of SystemC to the analogue domain and allows simulations of mixed-signal and mixed-domain systems on arbitrary levels of abstraction. The developed AMS extension is named SystemC-A and complies with SystemC semantics. In many respects, SystemC-A is more powerful than many existing HDLs. The contributions of this research can be summarised as follows: Firstly, new syntax elements and classes that extend SystemC to the analogue domain have been developed. The new language construct elements support analogue system variables, analogue components and user defined equations. In addition to the various abstraction levels provided by SystemC, the developed extension provides extra abstraction levels which are specific to analogue systems. A numerically efficient analogue kernel has been developed and implemented in which a novel equation formulation method for nonlinear algebraic and differential equations (DAEs) is developed. Secondly, a novel mixed-signal synchronisation method to integrate the analogue kernel with the digital one has been developed. The implementation of the lock-step synchronisation method provides an efficient handling of extremely small and zero time step sizes and enables analysis with arbitrary accuracy. Support for digital-analogue interfaces has been provided for easy and smooth integration of digital and analogue parts. Finally, SystemC-A is validated and optimised using a suite of numerically difficult analogue, mixed-signal, and mixed-domain examples. Their complexity ranges from simple sets of DAEs to highly complex mixed-signal systems, which are difficult to handle by existing HDLs. SystemC-A supports different types of continuous-time analysis suitable for mixed-signal modelling. For example, it supports large-signal time domain noise analysis, which is traditionally difficult to implement in a mixed-signal context.</p

Timeless Discretization of the Magnetization Slope in Modeling of Ferromagnetic Hysteresis

A new methodology is presented to assure numerically reliable integration of the magnetization slope in the Jiles-Atherton model of ferromagnetic core hysteresis. Two HDL implementations of the technique are presented, one in SystemC and the other in VHDL-AMS. The new model uses timeless discretization of the magnetization slope equation and provides superior accuracy and numerical stability especially at the discontinuity points that occur in hysteresis. Numerical integration of the magnetization slope is carried out by the model itself rather than by the underlying analog solver. The robustness of the model is demonstrated by practical simulations of examples involving both major and minor hysteresis loops